Very low-income households faced 0.94% inflation in September, above the 0.72% recorded among the highest-income group.
Context and confirmed data
This report brings together the latest available figures and explains what is already confirmed, without turning short-term changes into definitive forecasts.
Impact on household budgets
The final retail effect also depends on exchange rates, freight, energy, inventories, contracts and distribution margins. Pass-through can therefore vary by city and retailer.
What consumers should monitor
Compare prices per kilogram or litre, check package sizes and keep a purchase history. A price series is more reliable than a single promotion or one-day increase.



